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期刊论文 11

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2023 3

2020 3

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Pm21 1

Pm40 1

中国航天 1

中国航天成就 1

内源抗性 1

农户调查 1

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国产农机 1

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小麦 1

白粉病 1

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Soil health: model programs in the USA

C. Wayne HONEYCUTT, Cristine L.S. MORGAN, Pipa ELIAS, Michael DOANE, John MESKO, Rob MYERS, LaKisha ODOM, Bianca MOEBIUS-CLUNE, Ron NICHOLS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第3期   页码 356-361 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020340

摘要：

Population growth, increasing drought, and natural resources degradation are significant global issues. Fortunately, management practices to improve soil health can address many of these issues in ways that are both good for the farmer and the environment. In 2012, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service initiated its “Unlock the Secrets in the Soil” campaign to assist farmers and ranchers with adopting soil health systems. Other notable efforts at the federal level include research and education projects by USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, and Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education program. The importance of improving soil health is also recognized far beyond federal government programs. The Soil Health Institute, a nonprofit charity, was established to safeguard and enhance the vitality and productivity of soil through scientific research and adoption. Crop commodity organizations are promoting soil health, such as the Soil Health Partnership. The Nature Conservancy is helping companies and private landowners incorporate soil health into their sustainability efforts. Such efforts are supported by the Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research, as well as by some of the leading global food companies such as General Mills. These are just a few of the many efforts to improve soil health in the USA. The significance of the expanding global population, natural resource challenges, and responsibilities to current and future generations truly make enhancing soil health a global imperative.

关键词： carbon sequestration     climate change     environmental quality     farmer programs     water quality    

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SOIL CARBON CHECK: A TOOL FOR MONITORING AND GUIDING SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN FARMER FIELDS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第2期   页码 248-261 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023499

摘要：

● Establishment of a rapid tool for monitoring soil carbon sequestration in farmer fields.

关键词： 4 per 1000 initiative     carbon sequestration     climate action     farmer fields     SDG13     soil organic carbon     soil testing    

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ENTREPRENEURIAL OPPORTUNITY, VALUE EVOLUTION, AND ORGANIZATIONAL INTEGRATION OF PROFESSIONAL FARMER ENTREPRENEURSHIP

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第1期   页码 135-148 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022464

摘要：

● The choice of a modern agriculture project was found to be rational for professional farmers to reduce interference from non-market factors. The success of this project is due to its capacity to successfully fill the structural hole in the market transaction network.

关键词： Benefit-linked mechanism     featured agriculture     organizational integration     professional farmers     rural cooperative     structural hole theory    

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Agricultural extension approach: evidence from an Integrated Soil Fertility Management Project in Ethiopia

Gerba LETA, Steffen SCHULZ, Girum GETACHEW ALEMU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第4期   页码 427-439 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020331

摘要：

Agricultural extension is an approach to rural development and agricultural transformation in which training, demonstration and technology transfer are key to reducing rural poverty, ensuring food security, and sustainably managing natural resources. During recent decades, different extension approaches have been tested and validated by the Ethiopian government and non-governmental organizations to stimulate in the agricultural extension system (AES). The most recent was a German-funded project entitled “Integrated Soil Fertility Management Project” (ISFM ), which employed a novel approach to piloting and upscaling proven technology and best practice. The purpose of this study was to analyze and document the modalities of ISFM and illustrate its effects on technology uptake and dissemination. The study used a mixed methods approach to collect data. ATLAS.ti and SPSS were used for data management and analysis. Farmer Research and Extension Groups and Farmer Field Schools were found to be central to the participation process. Also, the ISFM was found to aid technology transfer and helped to increase grain and residue yields as well as farmer livelihoods. Based on these empirical findings, it is argued that the ISFM approach and technology should be integrated and institutionalized in the mainstream AES in order to promote their extensive application.

关键词： Ethiopia     Farmer Field School     Farmer Research and Extension Group     governance     institutionalization     ISFM+ ambassador     participation    

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AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT IN THE ERHAI LAKE BASIN—THE WAY FORWARD

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第4期   页码 510-517 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023524

摘要：

Pollution of high-altitude lake basins by agriculture and rural activities, and the control of this pollution, have received increasing attention from academic research and government policy in China. Series of restrictions and regulations have been implemented to protect the surface water quality. These restrictions and regulations have greatly impacted and transformed the agricultural systems and rural livelihoods surrounding these lake basins. Using Erhai Lake basin in Yunnan Province as a case study, three main challenges were identified for concurrently decreasing pollution in the lake and increasing farmer income. It is contended that scientifically-sound environmental protection policies and agricultural green development practices are key to reversing the current situation. This will help to protect the lake from pollution while smallholder farmers will be able to produce healthy food in an environmentally sustainable manner, and with a fair remuneration for all the services farmers provide to the society.

关键词： agriculture     farmer income     nitrogen     phosphorus     water pollution    

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国产农机装备质量评价研究——基于华中地区农户调查数据的分析

周晶,青平

《中国工程科学》 2019年 第21卷 第5期   页码 60-66 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.05.019

摘要：

提高国产农机装备质量是我国农机制造由大到强的必要条件。本文在总结我国农机装备制造业发展现状和存在问题的基础上，突出实证研究，利用来自华中地区的农户调查数据，从硬件质量、适用性和操作便利性、作业效果三方面考察农户对国产农机装备质量的主观评价。结果显示，农机户对国产大中型农机装备钢材质量、发动机质量、耗油量和故障频率的满意度显著低于非国产品牌；不足一半的农机户对国内外大中型农机装备地块匹配度、驾驶员匹配度、遮阳挡雨效果持满意态度；农户对国产农机装备作业速度、作业无遗漏、节省要素的满意度偏低。立足现状、着眼长远，提出组建关键零部件克难攻坚“国家队”、搭建以企业为主体的长效技术创新体系、抢抓智能化和绿色化农机装备研发、重构高等院校农机学科体系等对策建议。

关键词： 国产农机     质量评价     农户调查     华中地区    

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Advancement of the Engineering Management Body of Knowledge

David A. Wyrick,Paul Kauffmann,Libby Schott,John V. Farr

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第1期   页码 93-98 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015008

摘要： Trade around the world has become globally interconnected. Engineers play an integral role in designing products, managing supply chains, providing services, and increasing the quality of life for people and promoting sustainable development around the globe. Engineering managers make decisions every day that will have profound impacts on international suppliers, customers, partners, consumers, and the environment. Traditional education for engineering students focuses on the technical aspects and scientific principles. Education in some countries may focus exclusively on mathematics, science, and engineering topics. The North American model incorporates a general education component into the undergraduate program of study to give students a broad appreciation of ideas ranging from art to literature to the social sciences. This paper will investigate how undergraduate engineering management programs educate their students to be able to work in international settings or in the global workplace. This initial study will concentrate on the engineering management programs that are accredited by ABET, an international organization that accredits technical programs in higher education. ABET has accredited over 3,400 programs in applied science, computing, engineering, and engineering technology in 28 countries. This study will access publicly available information to determine the breadth and depth of education related to helping prepare engineering management students to work in a global marketplace. These data will be collected from the programs accredited by ABET using the “Engineering Management” program criteria, due to the public availability of this information. Initial findings will be presented, and may serve to identify opportunities for cooperation and further work.

关键词： engineers     engineering management     knowledge     education     programs    

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我国航天的成就与发展

王礼恒

《中国工程科学》 2008年 第10卷 第12期   页码 10-12

摘要：

概述了国际航天发展的现状，对国际航天发展的新趋向“新世纪航天新计划”及其特点进行了概括，同时客观地总结了我国航天事业发展所取得的辉煌成就，在此基础上充分地展望了我国航天事业未来的发展愿景。

关键词： 中国航天     航天新计划     中国航天成就    

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Innovative agricultural extension value chain-based models for smallholder African farmers

Bidjokazo FOFANA, Leonides HALOS-KIM, Mercy AKEREDOLU, Ande OKIROR, Kebba SIMA, Deola NAIBAKELAO, Mel OLUOCH, Fumiko ISEKI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第4期   页码 418-426 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020358

摘要： The value chain extension strategy of Sasakawa Africa Association focuses on improving the capacity of national agricultural extension systems and follows various thematic areas along the value chain to address key challenges accountable for low income households and poverty in Africa. Farmer learning platform is a model designed to increase crop productivity and encompasses demonstration plots where technological packages demonstrated significantly outperformed other technology plots in crop productivity and average profit margins. Enterprise-oriented production, postharvest and trading centers are value adding models designed to improve the effectiveness of extension and adoption of postharvest and agricultural processing technologies by producers. The use of the above along with necessary capacity building has facilitated the development of profitable business linkages of smallholder farmers with financial institutions and reliable market opportunities. The community association trader-trainer model is a market-oriented business approach applied in combination with other extension models. In 2018, 297 community-based commodity association trader-trainers were mobilized and capacitated to improve farmer group dynamics and developed collective input and output access and cluster aggregation centers at community level where various agricultural produces were mobilized and collectively aggregated, and valued at about 3.9 million USD. The supervised enterprise project model is an innovative agricultural extension model developed along with above models for capacity development of extension agents and transfer of technologies to smallholder farmers. Over 6000 supervised enterprise projects have been introduced into 27 universities in 12 African countries for training front-line extension officers and extension delivery to farming communities.

关键词： crop productivity     extension     farmer     grain yield     income     model    

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A proposed framework for accelerating technology trajectories in agriculture: a case study in China

Beth CLARK, Glyn D. JONES, Helen KENDALL, James TAYLOR, Yiying CAO, Wenjing LI, Chunjiang ZHAO, Jing CHEN, Guijun YANG, Liping CHEN, Zhenhong LI, Rachel GAULTON, Lynn J. FREWER

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第4期   页码 485-498 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018244

摘要：

Precision agriculture (PA) technologies have great potential for promoting sustainable intensification of food production, ensuring targeted delivery of agricultural inputs, and hence food security and environmental protection. The benefits of PA technologies are applicable across a broad range of agronomic, environmental and rural socio-economic contexts globally. However, farmer and land-manager adoption in low to middle income countries has typically been slower than that observed in more affluent countries. China is currently engaged in the process of agricultural modernisation to ensure food security for its 1.4 billion population and has developed a portfolio of policies designed to improve food security, while simultaneously promoting environmental protection. Particular attention has been paid to the reduction of agricultural inputs such as fertilisers and pesticides. The widespread adoption of PA technologies across the Chinese agricultural landscape is central to the success of these policies. However, socio-economic and cultural barriers, farm scale, (in particular the prevalence of smaller family farms) and demographic changes in the rural population, (for example, the movement of younger people to the cities) represent barriers to PA adoption across China. A framework for ensuring an acceptable and accelerated PA technology trajectory is proposed which combines systematic understanding of farmer and end-user priorities and preferences for technology design throughout the technology development process, and subsequent end-user requirements for implementation (including demonstration of economic and agronomic benefits, and knowledge transfer). Future research will validate the framework against qualitative and quantitative socio-economic, cultural and agronomic indicators of successful, or otherwise, PA implementation. The results will provide the evidence upon which to develop further policies regarding how to secure sustainable food production and how best to implement PA in China, as well as practical recommendations for optimising end-user uptake.

关键词： precision agriculture     farmer adoption     technological innovation    

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抗白粉病基因 Pm40 在我国“后 Pm21 时代”小麦育种中的重要作用 Perspective

唐圣雯,胡玉亭,钟胜福,罗培高

《工程（英文）》 2018年 第4卷 第4期   页码 500-506 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.06.004

摘要：

由小麦白粉菌[Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici（Bgt）] 引起的小麦白粉病是一种重要的小麦叶部病害，对小麦的产量产生很大的影响。20 世纪80 年代，通过簇毛麦（Heuchera villosa）的6VS 染色体与小麦6AL 染色体易位将抗白粉病基因Pm21 转移到普通小麦中。最近，在一些地方发现了对Pm21 有毒的Bgt，虽然这些菌株的病理学特性还有待研究，但这一现象提醒小麦育种者应注意应用Pm21 的风险。来源于普通小麦与中间偃麦草（Thinopyrum intermedium）杂种后代的抗白粉病基因Pm40，被定位在小麦7BS 染色体上，对Bgt 具有广谱和持久的抗性。通过细胞学研究，并未在Pm40 的载体品种中发现大片段外缘染色体。过去几年的研究发现，Pm40 的载体品种具有优良的农艺性状。因此，我们相信在未来的育种工程中，Pm40 将会在Pm21 的抗性被克服之后起巨大的作用。另外，Pm21 和Pm40 都来源于外缘物种，这暗示着外源基因的抗性可能比小麦本身的基因更为持久和有效。

关键词： 小麦     白粉病     Pm21     Pm40     外源基因     内源抗性    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Soil health: model programs in the USA

C. Wayne HONEYCUTT, Cristine L.S. MORGAN, Pipa ELIAS, Michael DOANE, John MESKO, Rob MYERS, LaKisha ODOM, Bianca MOEBIUS-CLUNE, Ron NICHOLS

期刊论文

SOIL CARBON CHECK: A TOOL FOR MONITORING AND GUIDING SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN FARMER FIELDS

期刊论文

ENTREPRENEURIAL OPPORTUNITY, VALUE EVOLUTION, AND ORGANIZATIONAL INTEGRATION OF PROFESSIONAL FARMER ENTREPRENEURSHIP

期刊论文

Agricultural extension approach: evidence from an Integrated Soil Fertility Management Project in Ethiopia

Gerba LETA, Steffen SCHULZ, Girum GETACHEW ALEMU

期刊论文

AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT IN THE ERHAI LAKE BASIN—THE WAY FORWARD

期刊论文

国产农机装备质量评价研究——基于华中地区农户调查数据的分析

周晶,青平

期刊论文

Advancement of the Engineering Management Body of Knowledge

David A. Wyrick,Paul Kauffmann,Libby Schott,John V. Farr

期刊论文

我国航天的成就与发展

王礼恒

期刊论文

Innovative agricultural extension value chain-based models for smallholder African farmers

Bidjokazo FOFANA, Leonides HALOS-KIM, Mercy AKEREDOLU, Ande OKIROR, Kebba SIMA, Deola NAIBAKELAO, Mel OLUOCH, Fumiko ISEKI

期刊论文

A proposed framework for accelerating technology trajectories in agriculture: a case study in China

Beth CLARK, Glyn D. JONES, Helen KENDALL, James TAYLOR, Yiying CAO, Wenjing LI, Chunjiang ZHAO, Jing CHEN, Guijun YANG, Liping CHEN, Zhenhong LI, Rachel GAULTON, Lynn J. FREWER

期刊论文

抗白粉病基因 Pm40 在我国“后 Pm21 时代”小麦育种中的重要作用

唐圣雯,胡玉亭,钟胜福,罗培高

期刊论文